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- BUSINESS, Page 56Fill 'Er Up With Gas LiteProdded by air-quality laws, Arco invents a cleaner fuel
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- If necessity is the mother of invention, the threat of
- regulation is often its father. Faced with growing government
- pressure for cleaner automotive fuel, Atlantic Richfield last week
- became the first U.S. oil company to introduce an unleaded gasoline
- designed to run effectively in older vehicles that were built to
- use leaded fuel. The Los Angeles-based company said the new brand,
- Emission Control-1, will eliminate up to 15% of the pollution
- caused by cars built before 1975 and trucks from before 1980. While
- such vehicles represent only 15% of the Los Angeles area's cars and
- trucks, they produce nearly one-third of its automotive air
- pollution. When EC-1 goes on sale next month at 700 Arco stations
- across Southern California, the company said, it will be priced the
- same as leaded fuel, though the new gas costs a few cents more a
- gallon to produce.
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- The arrival of the new gasoline was well timed. Hours after
- EC-1's debut, the California Air Resources Board unanimously
- approved a sweeping 20-year plan to clean up Southern California's
- atmosphere. President Bush put additional pressure on oil companies
- in June, when he unveiled an antipollution proposal that included
- a switch to cleaner automotive fuels, including natural gas and
- methanol, in smog-choked parts of the country.
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- Arco attributed its discovery to improved refinery techniques
- and advanced computer data bases that enabled chemists to
- experiment with formulas for the new gasoline. Besides containing
- no lead, the new Arco fuel has 50% less benzene, a major source of
- smog, and 80% less sulfur. "We could not have done this five years
- ago," a company spokesman contended. "You have to have a good data
- base."
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- While Atlantic Richfield has no immediate plans to market the
- new gasoline outside Southern California, other oil companies seem
- likely to develop their own lead-free products. The industry may
- have little choice if gasoline is to keep pace with U.S. demands
- for increasingly stringent air-quality standards.